1、环境试验的形式

(1)自然暴露试验

ZIRANBAOLU(HUANJING)SHIYANSHIKAOHECHANPINHUANJINGSHIYINGXINGDEZHONGYAOSHOUDUAN，TASHIJIANGYANGPINFANGZAIZIRANHUANJINGTIAOJIANXIAJINXINGBAOLUHECESHI，YIBANLAISHUOZHEIYANGNENGZHENSHIFANYINGCHANPINZAISHIJISHIYONGZHONGDEXINGNENGHEKEKAOXING，YESHIYANZHENGRENGONGMONISHIYANKEZHONGXIANXINGDEJICHU。ZHEIZHONGSHIYANDEZHOUQIZHANG，TONGCHANGXUYAOLIANGNIANYISHANG。ZIRANBAOLUSHIYANPIANZHONGYUDUICAILIAO、GONGYI(DU、TUCENG)HEJIEGOUJIANDEHUANJINGSHIYINGXINGYANJIU，ZHONGDIANZAIYUDUICAILIAODEFUSHI、LAOHUAHELIEHUAXINGMAOJIGUILVDEYANJIU。JINNIANLAICAIKAISHIZHONGSHIYUANQIJIAN、ZHUANGBEIDEBUJIAN、SHEBEINAIZHIZHENGGEWUQI(QIANG、PAO、JUNYONGCHELIANG、ZHENGGEFEIJIJISHENDENG)DEZIRANBAOLUSHIYAN。ZIRANBAOLUSHIYANKEFENWEIWUQIHOUFANGHUHEYOUQIHOUFANGHULIANGZHONG。WUQIHOUFANGHUSHIZHIZAISHIWAIBAOLU，YANGPINZHIJIESHOUQIHOUYINGXIANG。YOUQIHOUFANGHUYOUKEFENWEIWANQUANQIHOUFANGHUHEBUFENQIHOUFANGHULIANGZHONG：WANQUANQIHOUFANGHUSHIZAIKONGDIAOHEBANKONGDIAOSHINEIBAOLU，NENGBAOHUYANGPINMIANSHOUZHIJIEQIHOUYINGXIANG；BUFENQIHOUFANGHUSHIZHICHANPINZAIPENGXIA、YANBISUOZHONGDEBAOLU，JINNENGBUFENBAOHUCHANPINMIANSHOUZHIJIEQIHOUYINGXIANG。

(2)人工模拟试验

XIANDAIHUASHENGCHANJUYOUZHOUQIDUAN、GENGXINHUANDAIKUAI，CHANPINSHIYONGLINGYUYUELAIYUEGUANGDETEDIAN，XUYAOZAIHENDUANDESHIJIANNEIXUNSULEJIECHANPINDEHUANJINGSHIYINGNENGLI。WEICI，XUYAOYIZHONGBUSHOUTIANRANQIHOUSHILINGHEDIQUYINGXIANG，NENGGOUZAISHIYANSHIMONIXIANCHANGHUANJINGHEXIANCHANGHUANJINGYINGXIANGDEHUANJINGSHIYANFANGFA，JISHIYANSHIDERENGONGMONISHIYAN。

RENGONGMONISHIYANJIUSHIJIANGGEZHONGZIRANHUANJINGYINSUZAISHIYANSHINEIZHONGXIANCHULAI。RANER，YAOJIANGGEZHONGHUANJINGYINSUZAISHIYANSHIWANQUANMONICHULAISHIFEICHANGKUNNANDE。HUANJINGMONIJISHUSHISUIZHEXIANDAIKEXUEJISHUDEFAZHANERFAZHANDE，SUIRANXIANZAIYIJINGJINBUYUXIANJINLEXUDUO，DANYAOWANQUANMONIXIANCHANGHAISHIBUKENENGDE。

(3)现场试验

XIANCHANGSHIYONGSHIYANSHIJIANGCHANPINFANGZAISHIJISHIYONGHUANJINGTIAOJIANXIA，YONGYIPINGJIAHEFENXICHANPINDEHUANJINGSHIYINGXINGHESHIYONGKEKAOXINGDESHIYAN。YUZIRANBAOLUSHIYANYIYANG，TANENGZHENSHIFANYINGCHANPINZAISHIJISHIYONGZHONGDEXINGNENGHEKEKAOXINGSHUIPING，YESHIYANZHENGSHIYANSHIRENGONGMONISHIYANZHONGXIANXINGDEJICHU，DANBUZUZHICHUSHISHIYANZHOUQIZHANG，HUAFEIDERENLIWULIDA。DANRUGUOYOUYIGEQIESHIKEXINGDEGUZHANG、SHIXIAOTONGJIFENXIFANGAN，DECHUDECHANPINHUANJINGSHIYINGXINGHEKEKAOXINGSHUIPINGJIANGHUIYIGENGGAODEZHIXINDUFANYINGCHANPINDEZHENSHISHUIPING，DUIPINGJIACHANPINDESHIJINENGLI(DUIJUNPINSHIZHANDOULI)GENGJIAYOUXIAO。

2、人工模拟试验的原则

DANGQIANSHIYANSHIRENGONGMONISHIYANCAIYONGDEFANGFAYOU：MONIZHUYAOHUANJINGYINSU、JIASUHUANJINGYINSUDUICHANPINDEYINGXIANG(JIADAHUANJINGYINSUDEYANKUCHENGDU，JIGAOCHUSHIJIKENENGCHUXIANDEYANKUCHENGDU)、MONIHUANJINGYINSUDUICHANPINDEYINGXIANG(YINGXIANGDENGXIAO)。DANGRAN，QIZHONGDEJIADAYANKUCHENGDUHEYINGXIANGDENGXIAOSHIYISHIYANSHICHUXIANDESHIXIAOMOSHIYUXIANCHANGCHUXIANDESHIXIAOMOSHIXIANGYIZHIWEIYUANZE。WEICIRENMENTONGGUOBUDUANDISHIJIAN，ZONGJIECHULESANZHONGRENGONGMONIFANGFA，JICHULEQUEDINGHUANJINGYINGLIYAOQIUHESHIJIANDEYUANZE。

(1)ZHONGSHIXIANCHANGDEHUANJINGTIAOJIAN：ZHISHIYANSHIDEHUANJINGTIAOJIANJIQIBIANHUAHEXIANCHANGHUANJINGTIAOJIANJINLIANGBAOCHIYIZHI(DANGRANBAOHANQUYIDINGDECHUXIANGAILV(FENGXIANLV)DENG)。

(2)ZHONGXIANXIANCHANGHUANJINGDEYINGXIANG(XIAOYING)：ZHISHIYANSHIRENGONGMONISHIYANJIEGUOYUXIANCHANGHUANJINGTIAOJIANDUICHANPINYINGXIANGDEJIEGUOXIANGDENGXIAO。

(3)MONICHANPINSHOUMINGQIDELEIJISUNSHANG：YONGJIASUSHIYANDEFANGFAMONICHANPINSHOUMINGQIDELEIJISUNSHANG。

3、环境试验的种类

(1)单因素试验

QIHOU：GAODU(DIQIYA)SHIYAN、DIWENSHIYAN、GAOWENSHIYAN、WENDUCHONGJI、WENDUBIANHUA、SHIRESHIYAN(YOUDEBIAOZHUNYOUJIANGQIFENWEIHENGDINGSHIRE、JIAOBIANSHIREZHUANMENYONGYUYUANQIJIANDEJIASUHENGDINGSHIRE、WEIBAOHEGAOYAZHENGQIHENGDINGSHIRE)、TAIYANGFUSHESHIYAN、YANWUSHIYAN(YOUDEBIAOZHUNYOUJIANGQIFENWEIHENGDING、JIAOBIANHEFUHEYANWUDENG)、MEIJUNSHIYAN、SHUISHIYAN(YOUKEFENWEILINYUSHIYAN、JINSHUISHIYAN、DISHUISHIYAN、JIBINGSHIYAN、DONGYUSHIYAN)、FENGYA、SHACHENSHIYANDENG。

LIXUE：ZHENDONGSHIYAN(YOUKEFENWEIZHENGXIANZHENDONGSHIYAN、KUANDAISUIJIZHENDONGSHIYAN、ZHENDONG-SHIJIANLICHENGFA、ZHENDONG-ZHENGXIANPAIPINZHENDONGFA、DIZHENSHIYANFA、PAOJIZHENDONG)、SHENGZHEN、WENTAIJIASUDUSHIYAN、CHONGJI、PENGZHUANG、QIANGPENGZHUANGCHONGJI、QINGDIEYUFANDAO、ZIYOUDIELUO、DANTIAO、YAOBAISHIYAN、YUNSHUSHIYANDENG。

QITA：BUSHAOBIAOZHUNJIANGXIALIESHIYANYELIERUHUANJINGSHIYANZHIZHONG，LIRU：JIECHUDIANHELIANJIEJIANDELIUHUAQING、JIECHUDIANHELIANJIEJIANDEERYANGHUALIU、GAONONGDUERYANGHUALIU、LIUHUAHUNHEQITIFUSHISHIYAN、YINCHUDUANHEZHENGTIANZHUANGJIANQIANGDU(JIEDUANQIANGDU)、ZAIQINGXIJIZHONGJINZI、ZHUANGJIDANHUANGCHUI、ZHUANGJIBAICHUI、YUANQIJIANZAIZHENDONGCHONGJIDENGDONGTAISHIYANZHONGDEANZHUANGYAOQIU、BAOZHA、NAIRANSHAO、MIFENG、KEHANXINGDENG。

(2)组合因素试验

ZUHEYINSUSHIYANSHIZHILIANGGEHUOLIANGGEYISHANGDEHUANJINGYINSUANYIDINGDEGUILVZUHEYICIZUOYONGZAIYANGPINSHANG。ZHEIZHONGSHIYANMINGQUEGUIDINGLIANGGEXIANGLINHUANJINGYINSUZHIJIANDEJIANGESHIJIAN，YINWEITADUISHIYANJIEGUOYOUXIANZHUYINGXIANG。MUQIANZHEIZHONGSHIYANYOU：WENDUGAODUSHIYAN、WENDUBIANHUA、WENDUCHONGJIDENG。

(3)综合因素试验

ZONGHEYINSUSHIYANSHIZHILIANGGEHUOLIANGGEYISHANGDEHUANJINGYINSUTONGSHIZUOYONGZAIYANGPINSHANG，ZHEIZHONGSHIYANBIJIAOFUZA，SHIYANFEIYONGGAO，DANMONIZHENSHI，BUSHAOZAIDANYINSUTIAOJIANZUOYONGXIABUYIBAOLUDEQUEXIAN，ZAIZONGHEYINSUSHIYANZHONGBIANBAOLUCHULAI。ZHEIZHONGSHIYANMUQIANYOU：WENDUSHIRE、DIWENDIQIYA、DIWENZHENDONG(ZHENGXIAN)、GAOWENZHENDONG(ZHENGXIAN)、DIQIYA/ZHENDONG(ZHENGXIAN)、WENDUXUNHUANZHENDONGSHIRE、WENDUXUNHUANZHENDONGSHIREGAODUDENG。